Sapindus mukorossi, also known as Indian soapberry tree, is a deciduous perennial plant in the soapberry tree family, Sapindaceae. Sapindus mukorossi is native to western coastal India and southern China where it can be found growing in poor soil conditions and high altitudes. This species is known to grow between 30 to 60 feet tall with alternate and pinnately compound leaves. Sapindus mukorossi flowers in early summer with small inconspicuous greenish white flowers arranged in panicals. Golden ball shaped fruit ripen in the spring time and are known to contain up to 37% of saponin, which can be used to make soap, insecticides, and wetting agents. Sapindus mukorossi can tolerate a variety of soil types including rocky and sandy soils, but it prefers well-draining soils with a neutral to slightly acidic pH. The tree grows best in full sun to partial shade. It is a drought tolerant species, but should be watered regularly until established. Once established it is known to be able to live off of rainfall alone. USDA plant hardiness zone 8a to 11b.
Sapindus mukorossi seeds require light scarification of their hard seed coat before sowing. Use a file, sandpaper, or nail clipper to lightly weaken the seed coat, while being careful to not damage the embryo. Next, stratify seeds by placing them in slightly wet substrate such as peat moss or sand and leave them in a refrigerator for 1 to 2 months. Sow seeds ¼ to ½ inches deep in a sterile, well draining potting mixture. Germinating pots should be kept indoors, out of extreme light and heat. Ideal germination temperatures range from 70°F to 80°F. Germination typically takes 3 to 8 weeks to occur. Even with optimal conditions, germination may be slow and sporadic.
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